Becoming disabled, whether due to an accident, illness, or progressive condition, can be a life-altering experience. The transition to living with a disability often brings a mix of emotions and challenges, from adjusting to new physical limitations to navigating complex systems of support. This article aims to provide comprehensive guidance and resources for those who are newly disabled, covering essential areas such as assistive technology, support for children, financial assistance, education opportunities, housing, independent living, and legal rights. By understanding the available resources and support systems, individuals can better navigate this significant life change and work towards achieving independence and fulfillment.
Assistive Technology
Assistive technology (AT) plays a crucial role in enhancing independence and quality of life for people with disabilities. AT refers to any device, software, or equipment that helps maintain or improve an individual’s functioning and independence.
Types of Assistive Technology
Assistive technology encompasses a wide range of devices, including:
- Mobility aids: Wheelchairs, walkers, prosthetics, and exoskeletons
- Communication devices: Speech-generating devices, eye-gaze systems, and specialized keyboards
- Hearing aids and cochlear implants
- Visual aids: Screen readers, magnifiers, and Braille displays
- Smart home devices: Voice-activated systems for controlling lights, temperature, and appliances
- Adaptive software: Text-to-speech programs, voice recognition software, and specialized educational tools
Getting an Assessment
To determine the most appropriate assistive technology for your needs, it’s essential to undergo a professional assessment. This process typically involves:
- Consulting with your healthcare provider or rehabilitation specialist
- Working with an occupational therapist or assistive technology specialist
- Trialing different devices to find the best fit
Many hospitals, rehabilitation centers, and independent living centers offer assistive technology assessments.
Obtaining Assistive Technology
Several resources can help you acquire necessary assistive devices:
- Health insurance: Many plans cover medically necessary assistive devices
- Vocational rehabilitation programs: These state-run programs can provide AT for employment purposes
- Nonprofit organizations: Some offer grants or low-cost devices for specific disabilities
- Assistive Technology Act Programs: Each state has a federally-funded program to help people access AT
Learning to Use Assistive Devices
Adapting to new assistive technology can take time and patience. Here are some tips:
- Work closely with your therapist or AT specialist for proper training
- Practice regularly in various settings
- Join support groups or online forums to connect with others using similar devices
- Be patient with yourself and celebrate small victories
Every state has a Tech Act program that develops and implements assistive technology services for its residents with disabilities. To locate the program in your state, check the Resna Technical Assistance Project State Contact List.
The Alliance for Technology Access (ATA) is a large coalition of assistive technology programs throughout the country. To find out if there is an ATA program near you, check the list of ATA Centers on the Alliance’s website.
ABLEDATA maintains an online database of over 20,000 assistive technology products, and provides related information.
Additional Resources
Assistive Technology
State Resources
Support for Children with Disabilities
When a child becomes disabled or is diagnosed with a disability, early intervention and ongoing support are crucial for their development and well-being.
Early Intervention Programs
Early intervention services are available for infants and toddlers (up to age 3) with developmental delays or disabilities. These programs, mandated by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), provide:
- Developmental screenings and assessments
- Speech and language therapy
- Physical and occupational therapy
- Family counseling and training
- Coordination with medical and social services
To access these services, contact your state’s early intervention program or speak with your pediatrician.
Special Education Services
For school-age children, special education services are available through public schools. Key aspects include:
- Individualized Education Programs (IEPs): Tailored plans outlining educational goals and necessary accommodations
- Related services: Speech therapy, physical therapy, counseling, and other support services
- Assistive technology: Devices and software to support learning
- Transition planning: Preparing for life after high school, starting at age 16
Parents have the right to request an evaluation for special education services at any time.
Healthcare Transition
As children with disabilities approach adulthood, transitioning from pediatric to adult healthcare becomes important. This process involves:
- Gradually increasing the child’s involvement in their own healthcare decisions
- Identifying adult healthcare providers familiar with the child’s condition
- Ensuring continuity of care and transfer of medical records
- Addressing insurance changes and coverage for adult services
Recreational and Social Programs
Participation in recreational activities is vital for children’s social and emotional development. Look for:
- Adaptive sports programs
- Inclusive summer camps
- Art and music therapy programs
- Special needs-friendly playgrounds and community centers
Many communities offer specialized programs, and organizations like Special Olympics provide opportunities for children with disabilities to participate in sports and social activities.
Resources for Parents
Raising a child with a disability can be challenging. Support is available through:
- Parent-to-parent support groups
- Disability-specific organizations (e.g., Autism Society, Muscular Dystrophy Association)
- Family Resource Centers on Disabilities
- Online forums and social media groups
These resources can provide emotional support, practical advice, and connections to local services.
Focusing on children from birth to age 22, the Center for Parenting Information & Resources is a national clearinghouse on information about disabilities and disability-related issues for families, educators, and other professionals. CPIR staff will walk you through the service maze and provide guidance and informational materials relating to early intervention, education, health care resources, legal rights, and a host of other concerns.
Additional Resources
Just for Parents (and Service Providers)
State Resources
Financial Assistance Programs
Managing the financial aspects of living with a disability is often one of the most pressing concerns for newly disabled individuals. Fortunately, several programs and resources are available to provide financial support.
Social Security Disability Programs
The Social Security Administration (SSA) offers two primary programs for people with disabilities:
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Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI): For individuals who have worked and paid Social Security taxes for a sufficient period. Benefits are based on your work history.
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Supplemental Security Income (SSI): A needs-based program for individuals with limited income and resources, including those who haven’t worked long enough to qualify for SSDI.
To apply for these programs, you can visit the SSA website, call their toll-free number, or visit a local Social Security office. The application process can be lengthy, so it’s advisable to apply as soon as possible.
State Disability Benefits
Some states offer short-term disability benefits or supplemental programs to federal benefits. These vary widely by state, so check with your state’s Department of Social Services or equivalent agency for information on available programs.
Medicaid and Medicare
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Medicaid: A joint federal and state program that provides health coverage to eligible low-income adults, children, pregnant women, elderly adults, and people with disabilities. Eligibility and coverage vary by state.
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Medicare: A federal health insurance program primarily for people 65 or older, but also available to some younger people with disabilities. Most SSDI recipients become eligible for Medicare after a 24-month waiting period.
Both programs can significantly reduce healthcare costs for people with disabilities.
Nonprofit Organizations
Many nonprofit organizations offer financial assistance for specific needs or disabilities. Examples include:
- The Challenged Athletes Foundation (for adaptive sports equipment)
- The National Organization for Rare Disorders (for medical expenses related to rare diseases)
- Modest Needs (for one-time, emergency expenses)
Research organizations related to your specific disability or needs to find potential sources of financial support.
Tax Deductions and Credits
The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) offers several tax benefits for people with disabilities:
- Medical expense deductions
- Disability-related home modifications
- Earned Income Tax Credit for people with disabilities
- Credit for the Elderly or Disabled
Consult with a tax professional or visit the IRS website for detailed information on qualifying for these benefits.
Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) is available to eligible workers with disabilities (and their children or surviving spouses) who have Social Security coverage. The Social Security Disability Planner will guide you through this process.
Supplemental Security Income (SSI) is for people with little or no income and resources, regardless of Social Security coverage or disability. Social Security’s Supplemental Security Income pages will tell you more about this resource.
Medicare is a federal health insurance program for people over 65 and people with disabilities of any age.
Medicaid is a federal-state assistance program which pays medical bills of low-income people of all ages. The National Association of State Medicaid Directors provides a List of State Medicaid Web Sites.
Many of the resources listed elsewhere on this page can provide financial assistance related to their areas. For example, some state Tech Act programs offer low-interest loans for assistive technology. Some vocational rehabilitation programs will pay for computer equipment, adaptive vans, and even personal assistants if they are necessary for you to work. Your local independent living center may be aware of these and other funding resources in your own community.
Additional Resources
Financial Assistance
Medicare and Medicaid
Social Security
State Resources
Higher Education and Vocational Opportunities
Pursuing higher education can be an important step towards independence and career advancement for people with disabilities. Understanding your rights and the resources available can help make this goal achievable.
Rights of Students with Disabilities
The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act protect the rights of students with disabilities in higher education. Key rights include:
- Equal access to educational programs and facilities
- Reasonable accommodations to support learning
- Non-discrimination in admissions, testing, and course work
Accommodations and Support Services
Colleges and universities are required to provide reasonable accommodations to students with disabilities. These may include:
- Extended time on tests
- Note-taking services
- Sign language interpreters
- Accessible textbooks and materials
- Assistive technology in computer labs
To receive accommodations, students typically need to register with their school’s disability services office and provide documentation of their disability.
Scholarships and Financial Aid
Several scholarships and financial aid options are available specifically for students with disabilities:
- Federal grants and loans (apply through FAFSA)
- State vocational rehabilitation agency grants
- Disability-specific scholarships (e.g., National Federation of the Blind Scholarship Program)
- Institution-specific scholarships for students with disabilities
Research and apply for these opportunities early to maximize your chances of receiving support.
Vocational Rehabilitation Programs
State vocational rehabilitation (VR) agencies can provide support for education and training related to employment goals. Services may include:
- Tuition assistance
- Assistive technology for education
- Job placement services
- On-the-job training
Contact your state’s VR agency to learn about eligibility and available services.
Online and Distance Learning Options
For those who may find traditional campus-based education challenging, online and distance learning programs offer flexible alternatives. Many accredited institutions now offer fully online degree programs, which can be particularly beneficial for students with mobility limitations or those who require a more flexible schedule.
The HEATH Resource Center is a national clearinghouse on post-secondary education for individuals with disabilities. HEATH serves as an information exchange about educational support services, policies, procedures, adaptations, and opportunities at American campuses, vocational-technical schools, and other post-secondary training entities.
Every state has a Department of Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) which helps adults with disabilities prepare for employment. The VR may provide medical, therapeutic, counseling, education, training, and other support services. The National Clearinghouse of Rehabilitation Training Materials provides a complete list of state VR agencies. The State Rehabilitation Advisory Council for BVS of Pennsylvania also lists state VR agencies on its website.
Additional Resources
Employment
Higher Education
Vocational Rehabilitation
State Resources
Housing Resources
Securing appropriate housing is a crucial aspect of maintaining independence for people with disabilities. Various resources and programs are available to help with this process.
Fair Housing Rights
The Fair Housing Act prohibits discrimination in housing based on disability. This includes:
- The right to reasonable modifications to your living space
- The right to reasonable accommodations in rules, policies, or services
- Protection against discriminatory practices in buying, selling, or renting
If you believe your rights have been violated, you can file a complaint with the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).
Affordable Housing Programs
Several programs aim to make housing more affordable for people with disabilities:
- Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher Program: Provides rental assistance to low-income individuals, including those with disabilities.
- Public Housing: Government-owned properties that offer reduced rent based on income.
- Section 811 Supportive Housing: Provides affordable housing with support services for adults with disabilities.
Contact your local Public Housing Agency to apply for these programs.
Home Modification Assistance
Various programs can help fund accessibility modifications to your home:
- Home and Community Based Services (HCBS) waivers through Medicaid
- USDA Rural Development grants and loans
- State-specific home modification programs
Check with your state’s housing authority or disability services office for local programs.
Independent Living Centers and Transitional Housing
Centers for Independent Living (CILs) can provide information on accessible housing options in your area. Some also offer transitional housing programs to help individuals move from institutional settings to independent living arrangements.
Finding Accessible Housing
Resources for locating accessible housing include:
- HUD’s Affordable Apartment Search tool
- Accessible Space, Inc. (for certain states)
- State housing finance agencies
- Local disability advocacy organizations
When searching, be specific about your accessibility needs and don’t hesitate to ask for accommodations.
Affordable housing may be available through public housing, privately owned subsidized housing, or “Section 8” housing. Check your telephone directory for your local public housing agency (PHA) or contact the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) 24-hour Housing Counseling Referral Line online or by calling 800-569-4287.
The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development also provides information about fair housing laws and other resources for people with disabilities.
Additional Resources
Employment
Higher Education
Vocational Rehabilitation
State Resources
Independent Living Skills and Support
Developing and maintaining independent living skills is crucial for newly disabled individuals. Various resources and programs are available to support this goal.
Centers for Independent Living
Centers for Independent Living (CILs) are community-based organizations that provide services to promote independence for people with disabilities. Services often include:
- Information and referral
- Independent living skills training
- Peer counseling
- Individual and systems advocacy
CILs operate under the principle of consumer control, meaning they are run by and for people with disabilities.
Life Skills Training Programs
Many organizations offer programs to help individuals develop or relearn essential life skills:
- Money management and budgeting
- Meal planning and cooking
- Personal care and hygiene
- Time management and organization
- Using public transportation
Check with your local CIL, vocational rehabilitation agency, or disability-specific organizations for available programs.
Personal Care Assistant Services
For those who need assistance with daily living tasks, personal care assistant (PCA) services can be crucial. These services may be covered by:
- Medicaid Home and Community Based Services (HCBS) waivers
- State-funded programs
- Long-term care insurance
- Veterans benefits (for eligible veterans)
Contact your state’s Medicaid office or Department of Health and Human Services for information on accessing these services.
Transportation Options
Accessible transportation is vital for independence. Resources include:
- Public transit systems with paratransit services
- Non-emergency medical transportation through Medicaid
- Volunteer driver programs
- Ride-sharing services with accessible vehicle options
Many communities also offer travel training programs to help individuals learn to use public transportation independently.
Adaptive Recreation and Social Opportunities
Participating in recreational activities and maintaining social connections is important for overall well-being. Look for:
- Adaptive sports programs
- Disability-specific social groups
- Community centers with accessible facilities
- Online communities and forums
Many parks and recreation departments offer adaptive programs, and organizations like Disabled Sports USA provide opportunities for participation in various activities.
Independent Living Centers (ILCs) help individuals with disabilities live independently in the community through information and referral, skill training, advocacy, peer support, systems change, and other community-based programs. There are hundreds of ILCs throughout the country. To find one near you, contact the Independent Living Research Utilization Project (ILRU) and/or the National Council on Independent Living (NCIL).
Additional Resources
Independent Living
State Resources
Legal Rights and Advocacy
Understanding your legal rights as a person with a disability is crucial for ensuring equal treatment and access to opportunities.
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
The ADA is a comprehensive civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public. Key aspects include:
- Employment protections (Title I)
- State and local government services (Title II)
- Public accommodations (Title III)
- Telecommunications (Title IV)
Understanding the ADA can help you advocate for your rights in various settings.
Employment Rights
The ADA requires employers to provide reasonable accommodations to qualified employees with disabilities. This may include:
- Modifying work schedules
- Providing assistive technology
- Making facilities accessible
- Restructuring job duties
If you believe you’ve faced discrimination at work, you can file a complaint with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC).
Filing a Disability Discrimination Complaint
If you’ve experienced discrimination based on your disability, you can file complaints with various agencies:
- For housing: Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)
- For education: Office for Civil Rights in the Department of Education
- For healthcare: Office for Civil Rights in the Department of Health and Human Services
- For employment: Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)
Disability Advocacy Organizations
Several organizations work to protect and advance the rights of people with disabilities:
- The National Disability Rights Network
- The American Association of People with Disabilities
- Disability Rights Advocates
- The Arc (for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities)
These organizations can provide information, resources, and sometimes legal assistance.
Legal Assistance
If you need legal help with a disability-related issue, resources include:
- Legal Aid organizations in your state
- Disability Rights Legal Centers
- Law school clinics specializing in disability law
- Pro bono services from private law firms
Many of these services are available at low or no cost for individuals who meet income requirements.
Americans with Disabilities Act Disability and Business Technical Assistance Centers (DBTACs) provide information, referral, technical assistance, and training on the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) to businesses, state and local governments, and individuals. Call v/tty 800-949-4232 to be automatically routed to the DBTAC in your region.
Every state has a Protection and Advocacy (P&A) system which helps resolve problems and provide legal and advocacy counsel and litigation for eligible individuals with disabilities. To find the P&A in your state, contact the National Association of Protection and Advocacy Systems (NAPACS).
Each state also has a Client Assistance Program (CAP) which helps individuals seeking or receiving vocational rehabilitation services. Contact NAPACS to locate the CAP in your area.
Additional Resources
Advocacy
Americans with Disabilities Act
Legal Rights
State Resources
Navigating life with a new disability can be challenging, but numerous resources and support systems are available to help. From assistive technology and financial assistance to education opportunities and legal protections, understanding and accessing these resources can significantly enhance your independence and quality of life. Remember that adjusting to a disability is a process, and it’s okay to seek help and support along the way. With the right tools, information, and support network, you can work towards achieving your goals and living a fulfilling life.